norvega

Category 1, so the people come first. Esperanto runs two country systems and this one is on the older side of the line: the root names the people, and the country is built from them. Norvego is a Norwegian, Norvegio is Norway, and norvega is the adjective. That is the same machinery as franco giving Francio and hungaro giving Hungario. Category 2 runs the other way - Usono gives usonano, Brazilo gives brazilano - and there is no rule that tells you which system a country is on, because the dividing line is roughly the map of Europe as a reader in 1887 Warsaw knew it. The countries and peoples article sets out both systems and the century-long -ujo against -io argument that goes with them. You will still meet Norvegujo in older text; both are correct and we teach -io.

The adjective doubles as the language. La norvega lingvo is the Norwegian language, and Esperanto simply drops the noun: la norvega is Norwegian, the way la angla is English and la japana is Japanese. It keeps its -a ending while doing a noun's job, which looks odd for a week and then never bothers you again. Paroli norvege is to speak in Norwegian, with the adverb.

Capitals. The country takes one and the people do not: Norvegio but norvego, norvega, la norvega. This trips up English speakers constantly, because English capitalises the lot.

Two things worth knowing about the language itself. Norwegian has two official written standards, bokmål and nynorsk, so la norvega is slightly less of a single thing than the phrase suggests - and the Esperanto movement has unusually deep roots in the Nordic countries, which is why the adjective turns up in the movement's own prose more often than a population of five million would predict. Svedo is the neighbour already on the site, and svisa, Swiss, arrives a few dozen ranks earlier in this same chapter - two words that a hurried reader runs together and that share nothing but four letters.

Words in the same family. Norvegino is a Norwegian woman, norvegaĵo something Norwegian, and norvegigi would be to make something Norwegian. Nordo is the north sitting inside the name, though the seam is Old Norse rather than Esperanto - you cannot cut norvega into nord- plus anything and get a working word.