Ch 4 · Lesson 9Latin · Chapter 4 · Lesson 9 · Grammar primer
He, she, it: is, ea, id
, I see him; do, I give him the book. Latin needs no word for he as a subject, but is, , does every other case, with and for every gender.
The short version
Genitive -ius and dative -i, whatever the gender
, ; ,
Why?Hide
Is, hic, and share a quirk worth drilling on its own. The genitive singular ends -ius and the dative singular ends -i for all three genders: and huic, and , and , and . Away from those two slots much of the rest runs close to , , , and the neuter singular ends in -d rather than -um: , , .
is, ea, id: he, she, it
Latin needs no subject pronoun, since already means he or she sees. What it needs is a way to refer back to someone in the other cases, and , , is it:
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | | | |
| Acc | | | |
| Gen | | | |
| | | |
| Abl | | | |
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | | eae | |
| Acc | | | |
| Gen | | | |
| /Abl | | | |
.- I see him..- I see her..- I give him (or her) a book.
Two things the tables cannot show:
- Some texts print
andforand: same forms, different spelling. - The neuter singular ends in -d, not -um:
,,.
Going further: ego, tu, nos, vos: the personal pronouns and the rest of the guide, when you want them. This lesson does not need them.
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