Ch 30 · Lesson 15Esperanto · Chapter 30 · Lesson 15 · Grammar primer
Bovaĵo, kuirejo, tranĉilo: -aĵ-, -ej- and -il- in the kitchen
-Aĵ- makes the food from the animal (, o) and ice cream from ice; -ej- makes a place (o) and -il- a tool (o).
The short version
o the beef
on, .
Why?Hide
The meat takes -aĵ-, a thing made from what the root names: o is beef, o , fish on the plate, o chicken. English has a separate word for most of them; Esperanto needs one suffix. The same suffix turns , ice, into , ice cream.
-Ej- makes the kitchen, -il- the knife
o.
Why?Hide
Many kitchen words are built from the verb for what happens there. -Ej- makes a place: gives o, a kitchen, and gives o, a bakery. -Il- makes a tool: gives o, a knife. The cook is a , with -ist-.
-aĵ-: the animal and the meat
English has a separate word for the meat of most farm animals: cow but beef, pig but pork. Esperanto has one suffix. ReVo's third sense of -- is the food one: , , on, a concrete object made from what the noun names, most often a food.
| The root | The food | English |
|---|---|---|
| | beef |
| | pork |
| | mutton |
| | fish, as food |
| | chicken |
| | ice cream |
.- I do not eat pork.; .- The fish swims; the fish dish is on the plate.
On an adjective or a verb, -- makes a thing with that quality, or the thing the action is done to:
| The root | The thing | English |
|---|---|---|
| | a sweet |
| | food |
| | a drink |
.- The children like sweets.
Kitchen words: -ej-, -il- and -ist-
Many kitchen words are built from the verb for what happens there:
| From | Built | English |
|---|---|---|
| | kitchen |
| | dining room |
| | bakery |
| | pizzeria |
| | knife |
| kuirilo | cooking appliance |
| | cook, chef (--) |
.- The cook works in the kitchen..- Cut the bread with the knife.
The rest of the kitchen are plain roots:
| Word | English |
|---|---|
| oven |
| pot |
| plate |
| drinking glass |
| cup |
| bottle |
| |
| spoon |
Going further: The pantry and the rest of the guide, when you want them. This lesson does not need them.
Practice
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One question at a time, mixed across the exercises in this lesson. Miss one and it comes back round before the end.
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