Latin · Chapter 4 · Lesson 14 · Grammar primer
The pronouns: hic, ille, is, qui
This one, that one, the one already mentioned, and the one that glues clauses together. Four small paradigms that carry a disproportionate share of every Latin sentence.
The short version
Genitive -ius and dative -i, whatever the gender
Is, hic, ille and qui share a quirk worth drilling on its own. The genitive singular ends -ius and the dative singular ends -i for all three genders: huius and huic, illius and illi, eius and ei, cuius and cui. Away from those two slots they run on ordinary bonus, bona, bonum endings, with one deviation, the neuter singular ending in -d rather than -um: illud, id, quod, quid.
huius, huic; cuius, cui
qui takes gender from outside and case from inside
One rule makes every relative clause in Latin work. Qui matches the noun it refers back to in gender and number, then takes whatever case its own job inside the clause demands. Vir quem video is the man whom I see: quem is masculine singular because of vir, and accusative because video lands on it. Qui is the eighth commonest word in the language, so relative clauses are not an advanced topic, they are page one.
vir quem video
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