Ch 9 · Lesson 24Latin · Chapter 9 · Lesson 24 · Grammar primer
Iubeo and veto: orders with an infinitive
: and veto take an infinitive, like English order and forbid. And with an infinitive warns that, not to.
The short version
.
Why?Hide
Impero and both mean order, but impero takes a dative and , while takes an accusative and infinitive, just like English. Veto, forbid, does the same as . Learn each verb with its construction.
Persuadet .
Why?Hide
With , means advise to and persuadeo means persuade to: , he/she advises them to stay. With an accusative and infinitive they report a fact instead: , he/she warns that the enemy are here.
iubeo and veto: the two that take an infinitive
and veto behave like English order and forbid: the person told goes into the accusative and the command into the infinitive.
| Verb | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|
. | He/she orders the soldiers to stay. | |
| impero | Imperat . | He/she orders the soldiers to stay. |
| veto | Vetat . | He/she forbids the soldiers to leave. |
| impero | Imperat . | He/she orders the soldiers not to leave. |
Same English, different Latin, and the case changes with the construction: with , with impero. In the passive, keeps its infinitive and the person ordered becomes the subject:
.- The soldiers were ordered to stay.
does turn up now and then, more in later Latin than in Cicero or Caesar. Recognise it; do not write it.
moneo and persuadeo have two meanings
With , these two give advice or persuade someone to act. With an accusative and infinitive they report a fact, as in indirect statement.
| Meaning | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|
| advise to | . | He/she advises them to stay. |
| warn that | . | He/she warns that the enemy are here. |
| persuade to | Persuadet . | He/she persuades the king to stay. |
| convince that | Persuadet . | He/she convinces the king that the enemy are here. |
Persuadeo takes the dative in both meanings, so its passive is impersonal: persuasum , literally it was persuaded to the king, so the king was persuaded.
Indirect command or purpose clause?
Both are or with the subjunctive, with the same two tenses. The main verb decides.
| Clause | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|
| purpose | . | He/she comes in order to stay. |
| command | . | He/she begs him to stay. |
| purpose | . | He/she fled so as not to be caught. |
| command | . | He/she advised him not to flee. |
A purpose clause answers why?; an indirect command answers what was asked? After a verb of ordering, asking or advising, the clause is the content of the request, not its reason.
Going further: The verbs on one screen and the rest of the guide, when you want them. This lesson does not need them.
Practice
Practise this lesson
10-question session
One question at a time, mixed across the exercises in this lesson. Miss one and it comes back round before the end.
Latin · Free printables
Worksheets for this lesson
Worksheets with answer keys built in. Open any one to view, print or save.
Free for members
The printable worksheets, infographics and PDFs are free with an account. Start a free week and download as many as you like.
Start your free weekLesson 24 of 38 in this chapter