Spanish False Friends, Part 2: The Verbs and the Tricky Ones
Part one rounded up the nouns that trip up beginners: is not embarrassed, is soup not soap, and a is a bookshop, not a library. Those are the famous ones, the traps you learn to sidestep in your first term.
This second batch is meaner. These are mostly verbs, and verbs bury themselves inside whole sentences, so the mistake sails past unnoticed until the meaning quietly goes wrong. Each false friend here produces a real, grammatical Spanish sentence - just not the one you intended. Nobody blinks. The damage is done in silence.
The one that sounds like a crime
looks alarming and is entirely harmless: it means to bother, annoy or disturb. No is a polite "I don't want to trouble you". ¿ ? means "Do you mind if I smoke?" It carries none of the weight of the English molest. For that darker sense, Spanish reaches for abusar or acosar. So when a parent says no a , they mean "stop pestering your sister", nothing sinister.
Verbs that mean the opposite of what you expect
looks supportive; it is the reverse. It means to put up with, to bear, to tolerate, usually something unpleasant: no ("I can't stand the noise"). To back someone morally, use : decisión ("I support your decision"). To support someone financially, use : a ("he supports the whole family").
is not a recording studio. It means to remember, or, with an indirect pronoun, to remind: a ("I remind you the meeting is at three"). To record sound or video is : a .
does not mean to pretend. It means to intend, to aim to, to be after: ¿ con ? ("what are you trying to achieve with that?"). To pretend, in the sense of faking, is : ("he pretended to be ill").
is not to attend. It means to attend to, to serve, to see to: ("the waitress served us very well"). To attend an event is a: a ("I went to the wedding").
Remover is not to remove. It mostly means to stir or to turn something over: remueve ("stir the soup"). To remove, in the sense of taking away, is or .
leans harder than English "discuss". It usually means to argue or quarrel: ("we argued about money"). To calmly discuss a topic is or .
The subtle nouns
Asignatura is not a signature; it is a school subject: asignatura ("my favourite subject"). A signature is a .
is not college or university. It is a school, usually primary or secondary. University is . Sending your child does not mean you have enrolled a six-year-old at Oxford.
is not a parent. It means a relative, any relative: ("a distant relative"). Your parents are your .
is not a camp. It means field or countryside: . A camp, as in a summer camp, is a .
The two that reverse your meaning
is the cruellest of the lot, because it looks like absolutely and means the opposite: not at all. Asked ¿ ?, if you answer you have said "not in the slightest". To agree emphatically, say , or .
is not ultimately. It means lately, recently: ("I've been sleeping badly lately"). Ultimately, in the sense of in the end, is final or instancia.
And a small extra caution: is not gracious. It means funny, amusing: ("your brother is very funny"). Gracious, in the sense of kind, is . One last spelling trap: ("to send") is one letter away from ("to envy"). sends the email; covets your sunshine.
The false-friend table
| Spanish word | Looks like | Really means | English word you wanted -> Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| to molest | to bother, annoy | to molest -> abusar , acosar | |
| to record | to remember, remind | to record -> | |
| to support | to put up with, bear | to support -> , | |
| to pretend | to intend, aim to | to pretend -> | |
| to attend | to serve, see to | to attend -> a | |
| remover | to remove | to stir, turn over | to remove -> , |
| to discuss | to argue, quarrel | to discuss -> , | |
| to envy | to send | to envy -> | |
| asignatura | a signature | a school subject | signature -> |
| college | school | college -> | |
| parent | relative | parents -> | |
| camp | field, countryside | camp -> | |
| gracious | funny, amusing | gracious -> | |
| absolutely | not at all | absolutely -> | |
| ultimately | lately, recently | ultimately -> final |
Why these stick
The reason these outlive the noun traps is that they are all plausible in context. Tell someone a and it parses fine; you have merely said you tolerate your relatives rather than support them, which is a different family dinner entirely. Say with a smile and you have politely refused the thing you meant to accept. The grammar covers for you, which is exactly why the meaning slips through.
The fix is not cleverness but drilling. Learn the pair each time - the false friend and the word that actually does the job - so that and live in the same slot in your head, ready to be told apart.
See also
- Spanish false friends, part 1 - the classic nouns: embarazada, actual, éxito, sensible, constipado and the rest.
- The Spanish accidental se - se me cayó, se me olvidó, and the grammar of "it wasn't my fault".
- The Spanish grammar cheatsheet collects the trickiest false friends on one card.