Russian grammar · Pearson Edexcel GCSE 1RU0
Every grammar point Pearson Edexcel GCSE Russian asks for
Pearson Edexcel's GCSE Russian specification (1RU0) prescribes 105 grammar structures. This is the full list, with the tier each one is examined at and the lesson on this site that teaches it. Where we only partly teach a structure, or do not teach it yet, the list says so rather than leaving it out.
Foundation candidates are assessed on the 56 Foundation structures. Higher candidates need those and the 49 marked Higher.
92
Taught
13
Partly taught
0
Not taught yet
Nouns (6)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nouns | Foundation | Taught | Russian Cases Chart: All Six, and Why They Are Not Hard |
| Noun gender: masculine, feminine and neuter | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Cases Chart: All Six, and Why They Are Not Hard |
| Noun number: singular and plural | Foundation | Taught | Russian Cases Chart: All Six, and Why They Are Not Hard |
| Noun case: the six-case system | Foundation | Taught | Russian Cases Chart: All Six, and Why They Are Not Hard |
| Common irregular forms, for example друзья, домa | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Genitive Case: Endings, Uses and у меня нет |
| Adjectives used as nouns, for example столовая, русский, мороженое | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
Adjectives (16)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Long forms in all cases, singular and plural | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Prefixed with не- | Foundation | Taught | Russian Intensifiers: очень, довольно, слишком |
| Simple use of short forms, for example тепло, отлично | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Comparatives ending in -ee (R), for example быстрее | Foundation | Taught | Russian Comparative Adjectives: быстрее, более, лучший |
| Common special short form comparatives, for example больше, меньше | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Expressing 'than' after a comparative using чем | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Comparatives formed with более (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Comparative Adjectives: быстрее, более, лучший |
| Superlatives formed with самый (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Common short form adjectives, singular and plural (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| должен, нужен (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Comparatives in -ee and with более | Higher | Taught | Russian Comparative Adjectives: быстрее, более, лучший |
| Comparatives with менее (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Comparative Adjectives: быстрее, более, лучший |
| Use of prefix по- with short form comparatives, for example побольше (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Comparative Adjectives: быстрее, более, лучший |
| Common special long form comparatives, for example лучший, старший in nominative, singular and plural | Higher | Taught | Russian Comparative Adjectives: быстрее, более, лучший |
| Expressing 'than' after a comparative using the genitive (R), for example моложе брата | Higher | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
| Superlatives formed with самый in nominative, singular and plural; other cases = (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Adjectives: Endings, Agreement and Case Chart |
Adverbs (6)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forms in -o, for example быстро | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adverbs: -o Endings, по-русски and Comparatives |
| Forms such as по-русски, по-английски | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adverbs: -o Endings, по-русски and Comparatives |
| Comparative forms (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Adverbs: -o Endings, по-русски and Comparatives |
| Comparative forms | Higher | Taught | Russian Adverbs: -o Endings, по-русски and Comparatives |
| Forms in -ски, for example практически (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Adverbs: -o Endings, по-русски and Comparatives |
| Use of prefix по- (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Adverbs: -o Endings, по-русски and Comparatives |
Quantifiers/intensifiers (1)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| очень, довольно, слишком | Foundation | Taught | Russian Intensifiers: очень, довольно, слишком |
Pronouns (13)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal pronouns for I/me, etc., in all cases | Foundation | Taught | Russian Pronouns: The Personal Pronouns in All Six Cases |
| Other personal pronouns in nominative, accusative, dative cases (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Pronouns: The Personal Pronouns in All Six Cases |
| Этот, кто, что, какой, каждый in all cases, singular (and, where relevant, plural (R)) | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Question Words: кто, что, где, когда, почему |
| Тот, такой in all cases, singular and plural (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian тот, такой and который: Which, That and Such |
| Который, весь (etc) in all cases, singular and plural (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian тот, такой and который: Which, That and Such |
| Personal pronouns I, he, she, they in all cases | Higher | Taught | Russian Pronouns: The Personal Pronouns in All Six Cases |
| Other personal pronouns in all cases (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Pronouns: The Personal Pronouns in All Six Cases |
| Этот, кто, что, какой, каждый in all cases, singular and plural | Higher | Partly taught | Russian Question Words: кто, что, где, когда, почему |
| Тот, такой in all cases | Higher | Taught | Russian тот, такой and который: Which, That and Such |
| Который, in simple usage (for example друг, которого зовут Андрей) | Higher | Taught | Russian тот, такой and который: Which, That and Such |
| Common use of -нибудь, -то (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian -нибудь and -то: Someone, Something, Somewhere |
| Друг друга (etc.) (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Reflexive Verbs: The -ся Ending and Its Five Jobs |
| Use of всё, что and то, что (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian -нибудь and -то: Someone, Something, Somewhere |
Possessives (5)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Possessives in nominative, singular and plural | Foundation | Taught | Russian Possessive Pronouns: мой, твой, наш and его |
| Его, её, их | Foundation | Taught | Russian Possessive Pronouns: мой, твой, наш and его |
| Possessives in all cases, singular | Higher | Taught | Russian Possessive Pronouns: мой, твой, наш and его |
| Possessives in all cases plural (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Possessive Pronouns: мой, твой, наш and его |
| Свой in all cases, singular and plural (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Possessive Pronouns: мой, твой, наш and его |
Verbs (18)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present tense | Foundation | Taught | Russian Verb Conjugation: Two Patterns, One Missing Verb |
| Imperfective past tense | Foundation | Taught | Russian Past Tense Explained: Four Forms, Not Six |
| Perfective past tense (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Past Tense Explained: Four Forms, Not Six |
| Imperfective future tense | Foundation | Taught | Russian Future Tense: One Word or Two, Decided by Aspect |
| Infinitives | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Verb Conjugation: Two Patterns, One Missing Verb |
| Reflexive verbs | Foundation | Taught | Russian Reflexive Verbs: The -ся Ending and Its Five Jobs |
| Common imperatives: дай/те and classroom commands only | Foundation | Taught | Russian Imperative: How to Give Commands, Formal or Not |
| Common use of ходить, идти, пойти and ездить, ехать, поехать | Foundation | Taught | Russian Verbs of Motion: идти vs ходить, ехать vs ездить |
| Commonly used prefixed verbs of motion, for example приходить/прийти, уезжать/уехать (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Verbs of Motion: идти vs ходить, ехать vs ездить |
| Other verbs of motion: only as listed in Foundation vocabulary | Foundation | Taught | Russian Verbs of Motion: идти vs ходить, ехать vs ездить |
| Past passive participles открыт and закрыт only | Foundation | Taught | The Russian Passive Voice: открыт, закрыт and Impersonal They |
| Perfective past tense | Higher | Taught | Russian Past Tense Explained: Four Forms, Not Six |
| Perfective future in first person singular | Higher | Taught | Russian Future Tense: One Word or Two, Decided by Aspect |
| Perfective future in other persons (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Future Tense: One Word or Two, Decided by Aspect |
| Imperatives, second person singular and plural | Higher | Taught | Russian Imperative: How to Give Commands, Formal or Not |
| Imperatives, first person plural (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Imperative: How to Give Commands, Formal or Not |
| Use of third person plural without они (R) | Higher | Taught | The Russian Passive Voice: открыт, закрыт and Impersonal They |
| Use of бы with хотеть in first person singular (хотел/а бы) | Higher | Taught | Russian Past Tense Explained: Four Forms, Not Six |
Impersonal constructions (9)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Нравиться (present tense) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Reflexive Verbs: The -ся Ending and Its Five Jobs |
| Common impersonal constructions for 'feeling' for example (мне) холодно, мне тепло (present tense) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Dative Case: Giving, Telling and Feeling Cold |
| Надо (= нужно) (present tense) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Dative Case: Giving, Telling and Feeling Cold |
| Можно (present tense) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Dative Case: Giving, Telling and Feeling Cold |
| Нравиться (all tenses) | Higher | Taught | Russian Reflexive Verbs: The -ся Ending and Its Five Jobs |
| Хотеться present tense (other tenses = R) | Higher | Partly taught | Russian Reflexive Verbs: The -ся Ending and Its Five Jobs |
| Common impersonal constructions for 'feeling' for example (мне) холодно, мне тепло (all tenses) | Higher | Taught | Russian Dative Case: Giving, Telling and Feeling Cold |
| Надо (= нужно) (all tenses) | Higher | Taught | Russian Past Tense Explained: Four Forms, Not Six |
| Можно (all tenses) | Higher | Partly taught | Russian Dative Case: Giving, Telling and Feeling Cold |
Numbers and quantity (8)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal numbers in nominative (other cases for common uses = R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Numbers 1-100: Counting, and the Case After Each |
| Ordinal numbers for dates, including years (R) | Foundation | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Ordinal numbers for floor numbers, for example на первом этаже | Foundation | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Expressions of quantity with genitive, for example много, мало (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Genitive Case: Endings, Uses and у меня нет |
| Cardinal numbers (all cases) | Higher | Partly taught | Russian Numbers 1-100: Counting, and the Case After Each |
| Inversion for approximation (R), for example минут десять | Higher | Taught | Approximate Numbers in Russian: минут десять, человек пять |
| Ordinal numbers for dates, including years | Higher | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Expressions of quantity with genitive, for example много, мало | Higher | Taught | Russian Genitive Case: Endings, Uses and у меня нет |
Prepositions (2)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| As listed in Foundation-tier vocabulary | Foundation | Taught | Russian Cases Chart: All Six, and Why They Are Not Hard |
| A wider range of prepositions (R), as listed in Higher-tier vocabulary | Higher | Taught | Russian Genitive Case: Endings, Uses and у меня нет |
Conjunctions (2)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| As listed in Foundation-tier vocabulary | Foundation | Taught | Russian Conjunctions: и, а, но and the Difference Between Them |
| As listed in Higher-tier vocabulary | Higher | Taught | Russian Conjunctions: и, а, но and the Difference Between Them |
Times and dates (13)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Times using 24-hour clock format, for example 8.30, 19.25 (R) | Foundation | Taught | Telling the Time in Russian: полшестого, без четверти, 19.25 |
| Days, months (R) | Foundation | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Personal date and year of birth | Foundation | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Other dates, years (R) | Foundation | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Time structures with and without prepositions, for example утром, по субботам, в среду (R) | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Instrumental Case: Endings, Uses and Verbs |
| Duration, for example пять дней, на неделю | Foundation | Partly taught | Russian Accusative Case: Direct Objects and the Animate Trap |
| Frequency, for example два раза в неделю (R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Numbers 1-100: Counting, and the Case After Each |
| Times using 24-hour clock format, for example 8.30, 19.25 | Higher | Taught | Telling the Time in Russian: полшестого, без четверти, 19.25 |
| Times using 12-hour clock format, for example полшестого, без четверти, etc. (R) | Higher | Taught | Telling the Time in Russian: полшестого, без четверти, 19.25 |
| Other dates, years | Higher | Taught | Days, Months, Dates and Years in Russian: A Full Guide |
| Time structures with and without prepositions, for example утром, по субботам, в среду | Higher | Partly taught | Russian Instrumental Case: Endings, Uses and Verbs |
| Duration, for example пять дней, на неделю | Higher | Partly taught | Russian Accusative Case: Direct Objects and the Animate Trap |
| Frequency, for example два раза в неделю | Higher | Taught | Russian Numbers 1-100: Counting, and the Case After Each |
Negation (6)
| Structure | Tier | Status | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple negation using не | Foundation | Taught | Russian Negation: не, ни and the Compulsory Double Negative |
| Нет + genitive (present tense) (other tenses = R) | Foundation | Taught | Russian Negation: не, ни and the Compulsory Double Negative |
| Negative prefix ни- (including case forms without prepositions (R)), for example никто, никогда | Foundation | Taught | Russian Negation: не, ни and the Compulsory Double Negative |
| Нет + genitive (all tenses) | Higher | Taught | Russian Negation: не, ни and the Compulsory Double Negative |
| Negative prefix ни- with prepositions (R), for example ни с кем | Higher | Taught | Russian Negation: не, ни and the Compulsory Double Negative |
| ни.... ни..... (R) | Higher | Taught | Russian Negation: не, ни and the Compulsory Double Negative |
Learn it in the order the specification sets it
The GCSE Russian course teaches the specification's words and this grammar, Foundation before Higher, with short drills that remember what you already know.
Prescribed structures taken from the Pearson Edexcel GCSE Russian (1RU0) specification. Coverage checked against each lesson by hand, last on 2026-09-27. "Partly taught" means a structure appears in a lesson but is not taught there as a rule of its own. Kilo Lingo is not affiliated with or endorsed by Pearson Edexcel.