Translation
by means of
Test yourself on per
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Examples
.
He made it with his own hands.
.
She came by car.
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One can do a great deal with only one hand.
?
What did you do that with?
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She looked at me with her big eyes.
Per marks the instrument or the means: the thing you do something with. Li skribas per la mano is "he writes with his hand", where kun would wrongly suggest the hand simply came along for company. The noun after per stays in the nominative, so the accusative -n never turns up inside a per phrase.
Where this fits
Word family
Words built on per with Esperanto's affixes. Read each one from its parts.
- senperaadjective
unmediated, first-hand; with nothing in between
senper
Used in
Grammar articles
(26)Esperanto Connectors: tamen, kvankam, eĉ se, do and tial
Esperantismo and the Interna Ideo: What Esperanto Is For
Who Decides Correct Esperanto? Fundamento and Akademio
Homaranismo: Zamenhof's Creed, Kept Apart from Esperanto
Esperanto Interjections: Ho, Nu, Ve and Sound Words
How to Actually Learn Esperanto, and Why It Is Faster
After the Esperanto Course: What to Do Next (Kien de Ĉi Tie)
Esperanto Food and Cooking Words: Kuirarto kaj Manĝo
The Esperanto Letter Ĥ: The Least-Loved Letter
Esperanto Body Parts: La Korpo, Head to Foot
Esperanto Grammar on One Page: All 16 Rules
Esperanto Letter Names: How to Spell Aloud (bo, co, ĉo)
Esperanto Measurements: Units, Decimals and Rates Aloud
Negation in Esperanto: ne, the neni- Words and nek
Esperanto Punctuation, Spelling and Abbreviations
Spoken Esperanto: What People Actually Say
Esperanto Participles as Nouns: parolanto, venkinto
Esperanto Participles: -anta, -inta, -onta and What They Do
The Esperanto Passive: -ata, -ita, -ota and esti
Poetic Esperanto: Elision, Stress and What Verse Can Bend
Esperanto Prepositions: The Full List, With Examples
How to Type Esperanto Letters: ĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝ ŭ on Any Device
Tricky Esperanto Prepositions: je, po and Direction -n
The Esperanto Suffix -um: The Official Wildcard
Esperanto Verb Tenses and Conjugation: -as, -is, -os
Esperanto Word Order: Emphasis, ne and ankaŭ
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Esperanto · Free printables
per: worksheet, infographic and listicle
Free printable study downloads for the Esperanto word "per" (by means of): a worksheet with the answer key built in, an infographic, and a sentence listicle. Open any one to view, print or save.
This word is taught in chapter 1, lesson 6: per, ŝi, tio and 11 more words.