Spanish grammar · AQA GCSE 8692

Every grammar point AQA GCSE Spanish asks for

AQA's GCSE Spanish specification (8692) prescribes 170 grammar structures. This is the full list, with the tier each one is examined at and the lesson on this site that teaches it. Where we only partly teach a structure, or do not teach it yet, the list says so rather than leaving it out.

Foundation candidates are assessed on the 115 Foundation structures. Higher candidates need those and the 55 marked Higher.

Practise this in the GCSE course See the journey map

166

Taught

Partly taught

Not taught yet

Nouns (9)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Feminine person nouns: -o → -a	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Gender: The -o/-a Rule and Its Exceptions
Feminine person nouns: -or → -ora	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Gender: The -o/-a Rule and Its Exceptions
No change for nouns ending in -ante/-ente/-ista	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Gender: The -o/-a Rule and Its Exceptions
Plural: vowel-ending nouns add -s	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Plurals: -s, -es, -ces and the No-Change Nouns
Plural: consonant-ending nouns add -es	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Plurals: -s, -es, -ces and the No-Change Nouns
Plural: -z → -c + -es	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Plurals: -s, -es, -ces and the No-Change Nouns
Plural: -(i)ón → -es + drop accent	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Plurals: -s, -es, -ces and the No-Change Nouns
Infinitive used as noun	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Infinitive as a Noun: al llegar, antes de salir
Nominalisation of masculine adjectives for languages	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Nominalisation: el español, el inglés, el francés

Articles (3)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Article-noun gender/number agreement	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Articles: el, la, un, una and When to Use Them
Definite vs indefinite article functions	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Articles: el, la, un, una and When to Use Them
Contraction of el after de and a (del, al)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Articles: el, la, un, una and When to Use Them

Determiners (9)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Demonstrative adjectives este, esta, ese, esa	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives Chart: este, ese, aquel
Demonstratives irregular plurals estos, esos	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives Chart: este, ese, aquel
Demonstratives regular plurals estas, esas	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives Chart: este, ese, aquel
Indefinite adjective cada (invariant)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Quantifiers: mucho, poco, demasiado, todo, cada
Indefinite adjectives mismo, otro, todo	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indefinite and Negative Words: alguien, nadie, algún
Alguno with irregular algún	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indefinite and Negative Words: alguien, nadie, algún
Ninguno with irregular ningún	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indefinite and Negative Words: alguien, nadie, algún
Possessive adjectives mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Possessive Adjectives: mi, tu, su Chart
Demonstrative aquel with gender/number agreement	Higher	Taught	Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives Chart: este, ese, aquel

Pronouns (21)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Subject pronouns yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros/as, vosotros/as, ellos/as, usted, ustedes	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Subject Pronouns Chart (and Why Natives Drop Them)
Invariable pronouns algo, alguien	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indefinite and Negative Words: alguien, nadie, algún
Default subject-pronoun omission; overt use for emphasis	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Subject Pronouns Chart (and Why Natives Drop Them)
Direct object pronouns me, te, lo, la, los, las (one- and two-verb word order)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns (le vs lo)
Indirect object pronouns me, te, le, les (word order)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns (le vs lo)
Singular reflexive pronouns me, te, se (word order)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Reflexive Verbs: List of 30, Pronouns and Meanings
Interrogative pronouns cuál, cuánto, quién and inflected forms	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Question Words: List, Accents and qué vs cuál
Relative pronoun que in subject relative clauses	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Relative Pronouns: que, quien, lo que, donde
Neuter demonstrative pronouns esto, eso	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Demonstrative Pronouns: That One, éste and esto
Pronouns alguno, ninguno with inflected forms	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Indefinite and Negative Words: alguien, nadie, algún
Plural object pronouns nos, os (word order)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Indirect and Direct Object Pronouns (le vs lo)
Plural reflexive pronouns nos, os, se (word order)	Higher	Partly taught	Spanish Reflexive Verbs: List of 30, Pronouns and Meanings
Relative pronoun lo que in subject clauses	Higher	Taught	Spanish Relative Pronouns: que, quien, lo que, donde
Relative pronouns el que, el cual with agreement	Higher	Taught	Advanced Spanish Relative Pronouns: el cual, lo cual, cuyo
Relative clauses with wh-pronouns cuando, donde, que	Higher	Taught	Spanish Relative Pronouns: que, quien, lo que, donde
Possessive pronouns with gender/number agreement	Higher	Taught	Spanish Possessive Pronouns: el mío, el tuyo, el suyo
Neuter demonstrative aquello	Higher	Taught	Spanish Demonstrative Pronouns: That One, éste and esto
Pronouns after prepositions mí, ti, él, ella, usted, nosotros, vosotros, ellos	Higher	Taught	Spanish Prepositional Pronouns: mí, ti, conmigo, contigo
Irregular conmigo, contigo	Higher	Taught	Spanish Prepositional Pronouns: mí, ti, conmigo, contigo
Emphatic use of pronouns after 'a'	Higher	Taught	Gustar in Spanish and Verbs Like It (encantar, faltar)
Reciprocal use of plural reflexives	Higher	Taught	Spanish Reciprocal Verbs: How to Say Each Other

Negation (9)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Negation with no	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Negation: no, nunca, nadie and Double Negatives
Negation (no) nada	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Negation: no, nunca, nadie and Double Negatives
Negation (no) nunca	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Negation: no, nunca, nadie and Double Negatives
Negation (no) nadie	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Negation: no, nunca, nadie and Double Negatives
Negation (no) ninguno	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Negation: no, nunca, nadie and Double Negatives
Negation with ya no	Higher	Taught	Advanced Spanish Negation: ni, tampoco, sino vs pero
Negation (no) tampoco	Higher	Taught	Advanced Spanish Negation: ni, tampoco, sino vs pero
Negation (no) … ni …	Higher	Taught	Advanced Spanish Negation: ni, tampoco, sino vs pero
Emphasis use of (no) ni… ni…	Higher	Taught	Advanced Spanish Negation: ni, tampoco, sino vs pero

Interrogatives (3)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Questions via intonation	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Word Order: SVO, Pro-Drop and the Five Rules
Wh-questions: qué, quién, cuándo, por qué, cómo, cuál, cuánto, dónde	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Question Words: List, Accents and qué vs cuál
Wh-word + subject-verb word order in questions	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Question Words: List, Accents and qué vs cuál

Tenses (61)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Present indicative regular -ar, -er, -ir verbs	Foundation	Taught	Spanish -ar Verbs: Present Tense Conjugation Chart and List
Present indicative: simple (I walk) function	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Present Progressive: estar + Gerund (-ndo)
Present indicative: ongoing (I am walking) function	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Present Progressive: estar + Gerund (-ndo)
Present stem-change o → ue (encontrar cluster)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Stem-Changing Verbs: e>ie, o>ue, e>i Boot Verbs
Present stem-change e → ie (pensar cluster)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Stem-Changing Verbs: e>ie, o>ue, e>i Boot Verbs
Present stem-change e → i (pedir cluster)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Stem-Changing Verbs: e>ie, o>ue, e>i Boot Verbs
Present stem-change c → zc (conocer cluster)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Irregular Verbs: The Five Groups, with Charts
Present 1st-person -g insertion (poner cluster)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Irregular Verbs: The Five Groups, with Charts
Irregular present: estar, hacer, ir, ser, tener	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Irregular Verbs: The Five Groups, with Charts
Tener + noun where English is BE + adjective	Foundation	Taught	Tener Expressions in Spanish: Tengo Hambre, Tengo Frío
Present continuous estar + present participle	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Present Progressive: estar + Gerund (-ndo)
Present participle spelling for vowel-stem verbs	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Present Progressive: estar + Gerund (-ndo)
Present participle spelling for pedir cluster	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Present Progressive: estar + Gerund (-ndo)
Preterite for past events at specified times	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Preterite Tense: Endings and the Irregular Stems
Irregular preterites ir, ser, dar	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Preterite Tense: Endings and the Irregular Stems
Irregular preterite stems tuve, pude, hice, vine, estuve, puse, quise, dije, traje	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Preterite Tense: Endings and the Irregular Stems
Irregular preterite hizo	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Preterite Tense: Endings and the Irregular Stems
Present perfect haber + past participle	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Present Perfect: he hablado, ha vivido, hemos visto
Past participle -AR + ado	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Present Perfect: he hablado, ha vivido, hemos visto
Past participle -ER/-IR + ido	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Present Perfect: he hablado, ha vivido, hemos visto
Irregular past participles (present perfect)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Present Perfect: he hablado, ha vivido, hemos visto
Periphrastic future ir a + infinitive	Foundation	Taught	Ir a + Infinitive in Spanish: Voy a, Vas a, Va a
Imperfect habitual (used to + verb)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Imperfect ongoing (BE + ing)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Irregular imperfect ser: era, eras	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Irregular imperfect ir: iba, ibas	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Irregular imperfect ver: veía, veías	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Imperfect continuous estar + present participle	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Verb Conjugation Chart: Every Tense, with Examples
Inflectional future regular -ar, -er, -ir	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Irregular future tener (tendr-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Irregular future hacer (har-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Irregular future poder (podr-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Irregular future poner (pondr-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Future habrá (there will be)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Impersonal Verbs: llueve, hay, hace frío
Conditional regular -ar, -er, -ir	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Conditional irregular tener (tendr-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Conditional irregular hacer (har-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Conditional irregular poder (podr-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Conditional irregular poner (pondr-)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Conditional habría (there would be)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Impersonal Verbs: llueve, hay, hace frío
Imperative affirmative 2nd singular	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Commands: the Imperative for Tú, Usted, Nosotros
Irregular tú commands sé, ve, ten, ven, haz, di, pon, sal	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Commands: the Imperative for Tú, Usted, Nosotros
Plural inflectional future regular forms	Higher	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Plural irregular future saber (sabr-)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Plural irregular future querer (querr-)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Plural irregular future venir (vendr-)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Plural irregular future decir (dir-)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Plural irregular future salir (saldr-)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Future Tense: ir a, hablaré and Irregular Stems
Plural conditional regular forms	Higher	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Plural conditional irregular saber/querer/venir/decir/salir	Higher	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests
Plural imperfect (habitual + ongoing)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Plural imperfect irregular ir, ser, ver	Higher	Taught	Spanish Imperfect Tense: Endings and Only Three Irregulars
Spelling changes for stress preservation in verb stems	Higher	Taught	Spanish Accent Rules: Agudas, Llanas and Esdrújulas
Preterite stem-changes o → u and e → i in 3rd person -IR	Higher	Taught	Spanish Stem-Changing Verbs: e>ie, o>ue, e>i Boot Verbs
Imperative affirmative 2nd singular and plural	Higher	Taught	Spanish Verb Conjugation Chart: Every Tense, with Examples
Subjunctive present singular persons only	Higher	Taught	Spanish Present Subjunctive: Forms, Irregulars and Practice
Subjunctive in hacer, ser, ir, venir, tener	Higher	Taught	Spanish Present Subjunctive: Forms, Irregulars and Practice
Subjunctive after conjunction of time cuando	Higher	Taught	Spanish Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses: cuando, para que
Subjunctive after verbs of wishing, command, request, emotion	Higher	Partly taught	Spanish Subjunctive After Wishes: quiero que, ojalá
Subjunctive after conjunction que	Higher	Taught	Spanish Subjunctive After Wishes: quiero que, ojalá
Subjunctive of purpose after para que	Higher	Taught	Spanish Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses: cuando, para que

Modals (3)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Modals deber, poder, querer, tener que, saber + infinitive	Foundation	Partly taught	Spanish Obligation: tener que, hay que, deber and necesitar
Fixed phrase quisiera + infinitive	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Politeness: Softening Requests with ¿Podría...?
Fixed phrase me/te/le gustaría + infinitive	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Conditional Tense: me gustaría and Polite Requests

Reflexive verbs (1)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Reflexive verb forms (singular 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons)	Foundation	Taught	Conjugating Spanish Reflexive Verbs in the Present Tense

Impersonal verbs (6)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Impersonal hay	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Impersonal Verbs: llueve, hay, hace frío
Hay que	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Impersonal Verbs: llueve, hay, hace frío
Impersonal se for one/you (se puede)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Impersonal Verbs: llueve, hay, hace frío
Impersonal se for one/you (se necesita)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Passive se vs Impersonal se: se venden, se vive
Hace + noun for weather	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Impersonal Verbs: llueve, hay, hace frío
Impersonal parece, basta, falta, hace falta, vale la pena	Higher	Partly taught	Spanish Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions

Verb constructions (7)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Syntax of interesar-type verbs (gustar-class)	Foundation	Taught	Gustar in Spanish and Verbs Like It (encantar, faltar)
Acabar de + infinitive (have just done)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Verbal Periphrases: acabar de, llevar and volver a
Passive voice ser + past participle + por	Higher	Taught	Spanish Passive Voice with ser: fue escrito por
Passive voice se + 3rd person singular/plural	Higher	Taught	Spanish Passive se vs Impersonal se: se venden, se vive
Seguir + present participle (still doing)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Verbal Periphrases: acabar de, llevar and volver a
Llevar + time + present participle (have been doing for time)	Higher	Taught	Spanish Verbal Periphrases: acabar de, llevar and volver a
Present + desde hace (have been -ing for time)	Higher	Taught	Hace, Desde, Desde Hace in Spanish: For, Since and Ago

Adjectives (14)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Adjective agreement -o/-a/-os/-as	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Agreement: Endings, Position and BAGS
Adjective agreement -e/-es (number only)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Agreement: Endings, Position and BAGS
Adjective agreement -z/-ces	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Agreement: Endings, Position and BAGS
Adjective agreement -ista/-istas	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Suffixes and the Gender Each One Gives
Nationality adjective patterns	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Agreement: Endings, Position and BAGS
Prenominal adjectives algún, ningún, primer, segundo, tercer, buen, mal, gran	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Agreement: Endings, Position and BAGS
Position-dependent meaning change (prenominal vs postnominal)	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Agreement: Endings, Position and BAGS
Ser vs estar with adjectives	Foundation	Taught	Ser vs Estar in Spanish: When to Use Each (Chart and Quiz)
Comparative menos … que	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Comparatives: más que, tan como and the Irregulars
Irregular comparatives mejor, peor	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Comparatives: más que, tan como and the Irregulars
Neuter article lo + adjective used as noun	Higher	Taught	Spanish Neuter Article lo: lo bueno, lo que, lo de
Possessive adjectives as post-verbal complement	Higher	Taught	Spanish Possessive Pronouns: el mío, el tuyo, el suyo
Regular superlatives	Higher	Taught	Spanish Superlatives: el mejor, el más and -ísimo
Irregular superlatives el mejor, el peor	Higher	Taught	Spanish Superlatives: el mejor, el más and -ísimo

Adverbs (7)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Position of adverbs of time, manner, place	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Word Order: SVO, Pro-Drop and the Five Rules
Comparative más …que/de	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Comparatives: más que, tan como and the Irregulars
Comparative menos …que/de	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Comparatives: más que, tan como and the Irregulars
Equative tan… como	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Comparatives: más que, tan como and the Irregulars
Irregular adverbial mejor, peor	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Superlative Adverbs: lo antes posible, lo mejor posible
Regular superlative adverbs	Higher	Taught	Spanish Superlative Adverbs: lo antes posible, lo mejor posible
Irregular superlative adverbs	Higher	Taught	Spanish Superlative Adverbs: lo antes posible, lo mejor posible

Prepositions (6)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Personal a	Foundation	Taught	Personal A in Spanish: Veo a María but Veo la casa
De for possession	Foundation	Taught	Basic Spanish Prepositions: de, a, en, con, por, para
Para, sin + infinitive	Foundation	Taught	The Spanish Infinitive as a Noun: al llegar, antes de salir
Verb + preposition before infinitive/noun	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Verbs with Prepositions: pensar en, soñar con
Antes de, después de + infinitive	Higher	Taught	The Spanish Infinitive as a Noun: al llegar, antes de salir
Syntax of prepositions in questions	Higher	Taught	Spanish Question Words: List, Accents and qué vs cuál

Morphology (reading only) (6)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
-ito/-ita diminutives	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Diminutives and Augmentatives: -ito, -ón, -azo
-ísimo/-ísima intensifiers	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Superlatives: el mejor, el más and -ísimo
-mente adverbs from invariable adjectives	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adverbs in -mente: Rules, Accents and Examples
-mente adverbs from singular feminine adjectives	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adverbs in -mente: Rules, Accents and Examples
-idad nouns from adjectives	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Noun Suffixes and the Gender Each One Gives
-able adjectives from verb stems	Foundation	Taught	Spanish Adjective Suffixes: -oso, -able, -ante, -al

Phonology (5)

Structure	Tier	Status	Taught in
Key stress positions and spelling rules	Higher	Taught	Spanish Accent Rules: Agudas, Llanas and Esdrújulas
Stress any vowel with a written accent	Higher	Taught	Spanish Accent Rules: Agudas, Llanas and Esdrújulas
Final-syllable stress except for vowel/n/s endings	Higher	Taught	Spanish Accent Rules: Agudas, Llanas and Esdrújulas
Penultimate stress for vowel/n/s endings	Higher	Taught	Spanish Accent Rules: Agudas, Llanas and Esdrújulas
Accent rules for final/penultimate/antepenultimate stress	Higher	Taught	Spanish Accent Rules: Agudas, Llanas and Esdrújulas

Learn it in the order the specification sets it

The GCSE Spanish course teaches the specification's words and this grammar, Foundation before Higher, with short drills that remember what you already know.

Practise this in the GCSE course Journey map

Prescribed structures taken from the AQA GCSE Spanish (8692) specification. Coverage checked against each lesson by hand, last on 2026-09-21. "Partly taught" means a structure appears in a lesson but is not taught there as a rule of its own. Kilo Lingo is not affiliated with or endorsed by AQA.